| Web server | nginx_502_bad_gateway | Upstream refused or dropped the connection | Check upstream health before assuming it's nginx |
| Web server | nginx_worker_exhausted | Worker connections maxed under load | Raise worker_connections or add capacity |
| App runtime | phpfpm_request_terminated_slow | PHP-FPM killed a request for exceeding max execution time | Profile the slow endpoint; check for a blocking external call |
| App runtime | node_event_loop_blocked | Node's event loop stalled beyond threshold | Find the synchronous call blocking the loop |
| Database | mysql_too_many_connections | Connection pool exhausted | Raise max_connections or fix a connection leak |
| Database | postgres_replication_lag | Replica falling behind primary | Check replica I/O and long-running queries holding locks |
| Queue / cache | redis_oom_evicting_keys | Redis hit maxmemory and started evicting | Raise memory limit or fix an unbounded key pattern |
| Queue / cache | rabbitmq_queue_backing_up | Consumer rate falling behind publish rate | Scale consumers or find the stuck worker |
| OS / system | disk_space_critical | Filesystem nearing capacity | Clear logs/temp files or expand the volume |
| OS / system | oom_killer_invoked | Kernel killed a process for memory pressure | Identify which process spiked and why |